Climate Change Essay

Once, I visited a hospital for my health checkup,there I saw a man with shattered skin,rashes all over the body;clearcut it was the case of allergy.Doctors are rushing and making report on it.After a week I again visited that hospital for my scheduled checkup,then I came to know a shocking news-that allergy case was the case of Ganga bath!! Alas! Holy river Ganga, ancient river Ganga ,that Ganga which takes away all the sins from mankind, today causing allergy,irritation,skin rashes!!! that man has to pay price for his religious belief†¦ Also scientists got some samples from Ganga from specific places having disease causing microbes. This small case itself indicate the change we have made in our nature. Change is the law of nature,change is inevitable and change is evergoing process,but Climate Change is one of the most complex,multifaceted and serious threat that the World face. Whether you are adding your bit to the heap of garbage piling up in your locality or not become meaningless when the garbage begins to rot-the stench will reach your nose too,Climate Change induced by global warming works much the same way. World famous scientists all over the country had evaluated climate change and came to conclusion that Greenhouse Gases ,CFC, Carbondieoxide and many other toxic gases are the cause of environment degradation.Though it is true scientifically,the root lies elsewhere;that is in the greed of human being.Our greed led to adavancement of technology and led us farther from peace and prosperity of all. Increasing consumption of electricity due to intiation of several new industries,disposal of garbage without treatment to maximize profit,use of environment hazardious substances like polythene in our daily life are concrete examples of human greed. People have been influencing the Biosphere for at least 8000 years,since the invention of Agriculture,but Climate Change has proposed a threat over our Agriculture.The most affected area of Climate Change will be Agriculture and its biodiversity. The first and foremost impact of climate change is in biodiversity specially Islands biodiversity.nearly one –fourth of the worlds countries are Island and they are treasure trove of biodiversity.Also they provide food,fresh water ,wood,fibre,medicine,fuel and other raw materials. But increasing sea level has given a alarm threat to them,The New Moore Island of India in Sunderbans has been consumed recently by rising sea,many other Pacific atoll nation Island of Kiribati,Islands of Vanuatu also submerged in early history.we are loosing huge . biodiversity;these are initial cases†¦ Rather IPCC has warned that a rise in sea levels of between 18 and 59cm by 2100 would be enough to submerge many other big islands, including Maldives and make them unhabitable,also of the 724 recorded animal extinctions in 400 years about half were Island species .also climate change will bring degradation of coastal environment and natural resources on which poor rural people depend.Higher rates of erosion and coastal land loss may vanish our islands In context of Agriculture,sea level rise will also cause increased salinity due to encroachment of the sea and saltwater intrusion into freshwater lenses,contributing to an increasing shortage of water supply and loss of agriculture land.The most vulnerable section will be the poor and marginal farmers with small landholdings because ‘extreme weather events’will specially occur in tropics,fundamental changes in rainfall pattern together with rising temperature will shorten growing season and reduce crop productivity . Acco.to World Bank 75% of 1.2 billion people are trapped in extreme poverty,so they will fail to adopt new rotation practices and thus most vulnerable to climate change. World wide farming is a significant source of greenhouse gas emissions accouting for 20% of total emissions.Atmospheric concentration of methane has more than doubled during the past 200 years.Natural wetlands,fossil fuels related to natural gas,coal mines coal industry,electric fermentation,rice fields,biomass burning,landfills accont for 75% of methane production in our environment. thus major source of greenhouse gases is agriculture itself. Rice fields are the most significant contributors of atmospheric methane accounting for 11-13% of the world’s total methane production. Also, rice production will need to expand by around 70% over the next 25 years to meet the demands of fast growing human population whose food demand is expected to double in developing world in next 40 years. Thus if we increase our crop area specially staple crop area in near future then the problem of global warming is likely to increase. Already in today’s era 800 million people are unnourished, in India only 30 million people suffer hunger,46% children are underweight and 17000 people are dying per day due to hunger on an average. Thus in near future we are going to face a great threat not only of climate change but also of food security†¦. However, Not all effects of climate change on agriculture are expected to be negative, most of the major food crops are C-3 plants including staple food like rice ,wheat, oat, barley will show increase in yield ranging from 25% to 64% due to increased CO2 level, also most of the noxious weed are C4 plants and their growth will be checked. But this is only one side of the coin ,increased temperature due to increase in CO2 level may rise the pest attack up to 25% and fungal disease attack up to 20% and also disturb our monsoon pattern.In an overview it can be said that it will create more and new problem rather than benefits because the worst sufferers would be farmers of Rainfed agriculture which cover 60% of all cultivable lands. Today humanbeings have become dependent on technologies which are dependent on non -renewable resources and produce illeffects in long run.nowdays we say that glaciers are shrinking;may be shrinking but more that the heart of the people and their philosophy is shrinking too.while the drastic effects of global warming has been discussed in many scientific circles,had their run on T.V. and even had well meaning Hollywood films but the need of the hour is to change ourselves,to reduce our luxurious wants. The need of the hour is to develop a) True sustainability,there should be synergies between climate mitigation strategies and development policies in areas of energy efficiency,fuel substitution,renewable ,afforestration,and land and waste management. b) The planning should not be for temporary economic gains and support,but for sustainability in future as well.There should be partnerships with communities,individuals,and private sector to frame effective measures to reduce the impact the effect of climate change. Today we all peoples of the world need to change our habbits ,not only in Agricultural practices but also in our daily life practicices†¦ Switching of fans and light before leaving room ,efficient use of water at home , proper garbage disposal at micro level, though seems to be a very minute step but the huge building of true sustainability will only form above these basic steps because this will be the 1st step against our greed, so step ahead and realize your own responsibility ,because it is not the time to curse the darkness but to light a small lamp. References: 1. â€Å"Know climate change† by Tanya Agarwal 2. â€Å"Global climate change† by Arnold J.Bloom 3. Science Reporter (CSIR) 4. IPCC website

My Reaction to Apollo 13

The movie Apollo13 is great but little kind of boring. Tom Hanks is a great artist! He is my idol. One of his great movie is Forrest Gump. By the way, The Apollo13 is America’s third moon landing mission. En route, an onboard explosion deprives their spacecraft of most of its oxygen supply and electric power, forcing  NASA's flight controllers to abort the Moon landing, and turning the mission into a struggle to get the three men home safely. I thought Jim’s wife was his mother. Cause, look to old for me. Just kidding, Well done! My Reaction to Armageddon Armageddon is the best movie of all the three that you gave to us Ma’am! There’s a love story and it is based on true story life. At first, All of the scene was so hilarious but then at last, So many lives to sacrifice the tragedy. Only three of crew was survive, the Russian, the Boyfriend, the Insane, the Father Bald. The Russian was so funny when he was going to fix the components, he said â€Å"Russia and America has a same components but its made from China†, After that he pupok only then its already fix, and they got home or back to earth. The movie was about A massive  meteor shower  destroys the  Space Shuttle Atlantis  and bombards New York City, the East Coast, and Finland.  NASA discovers that a Texas-sized  asteroid  will collide with Earth in 18 days, creating another extinction event.  So, they create a team that going explode the asteroid. The mission was successful. My Reaction to Space Station The movie was a documentary type, its more fun in the outer space. When I was a child, I love stars and other heavenly bodies etc. I have so many idea with regarding to Space. Tom Cruise is the narrator and main cast in the movie. They show all of equipment and other needs in going to space. They go to the   futuristic laboratory where future technologies are perfected and existing problems solved by a combination of dedication, bravery, and innovation.

Effetcs of methemphetamine use

Section A: Background (300- 400 words using formal, referenced, academic writing) What is your enquiry question about? This enquiry question seeks to uncover the relationship between methamphetamine (MA) use and the influence it has over criminal behavior. MA affects the central nervous system by stimulating the dopamine and morphogenesis receptors in the brain to produce the effect of alertness, euphoria and a sense of well being which In they would normally not take part in (Angling, Burke, Protect, Stammer, & Dad- noirs, 2000). According to (Angling et al. 2000) the physiological alterations in the body under the influence is similar to the fight-or-flight syndrome, which consist of a sis in blood pressure, body temperature, heart and breathing rate. Some unfavorable side effects include stomach cramps, shaking, cardiac arrhythmia, as well as increased anxiety, aggressiveness, paranoia, insomnia and hallucinations (Angling et al. , 2000). Production of MA relatively easy and altho ugh access to the necessary precursor chemicals can be reduced, it cannot be eliminated as most of the tools and chemicals required are everyday household items.MA is manufactured in clandestine laboratories that normally gets set up in houses, apartments and other buildings, which make it easier for them to be hidden from local law enforcement (Witter, Marty, Mueller, Catchalls, & Newman, 2007). Why is it important to study this specific issue/debate/problem? The negative implications surrounding MA use does not only affect the user but also the wider community. The hazardous chemicals found at clandestine labs can cause health issues to first responders entering the labs during or after MA production such as sore throats, respiratory problems, headaches and eye and skin irritation (Witter et al. 2009). There can be increased health risks for paramedics transporting MA users as there is greater chance that the user could be HIVE positive due to the reported association between MA u se and HIVE risk behaviors (Carrier, Greenbelt, & Michael, 2011). According to (Eyeliners & Biostatic, 2006, p. 79) there's can also be increased complications for paramedics when transporting patients under the influence of MA because they may not reveal that they are using the drug and require more invasive cardiac monitoring, presser support and procedures.Section B: Report of Enquiry Activity What changes have you made to your enquiry question and why (if you have not changed your question at all, why? The first question was about the effects of methamphetamine use on the human body but that was considered a closed question and did not provide an opportunity create an argument. A change was done to structure the question so that an enquiry could be made whereas before most readers would know methamphetamine was bad for the human body, therefore I changed the question to find out what influence methamphetamine could have on other events.Bearing in mind the changes (if any) you ha ve made, what is your current enquiry question? How does methamphetamine use influence criminal behavior? Using a credible information source, define qualitative and quantitative modes of enquiry (in your own words; do not use quotes). Ensure that your source is referenced in-text and a full citation is supplied in the references section (at the end regular data into applicable statistics (Anderson, 2006). It can be used to compute behaviors; opinions, attitudes and other ascertain variables while generalizing results from a larger sample population (Anderson, 2006).The measurable data can then be formulated into facts, which in turn are used to uncover patterns during the research (Anderson, 2006). The various data collection methods include surveys, interviews, longitudinal studies, online polls and systematic observations (Anderson, 2006). Qualitative research is largely an exploratory research. It can be deployed to gain underlying opinions, reasons and motivations to make it a valuable tool to help develop ideas or hypotheses for quantitative research (Anderson, 2006). Trends on opinions and thoughts can be uncovered allowing further research to go deeper into the problem (Anderson, 2006).Frequently used methods include individual interviews, focus groups and observation of participants (Anderson, 2006). Respondents are chosen to fulfill a certain quota while the sample size is typically small (Anderson, 2006). Which mode(s) of enquiry (qualitative and/or quantitative) will be most relevant to answer your enquiry, and why? Quantitative research is be more relevant to answer this enquiry question as methamphetamine users and individuals involved in crime are not likely to admit the activities they are involved in. Deemphasizing users can also be under the influence of various substances legal and illegal therefore the information collected during qualitative methods may not be accurate. Being that quantitative research involves statistics that can be colle cted with data provided from government agencies that deal with large populations like law enforcement, customs and hospitals. List three of your search phrases by completing the tables below. Include synonyms, truncation, Boolean operators and quotation marks as appropriate.You may add or delete columns, depending on the number of keywords in your enquiry. Concept 1 keyword Booleans (AND/OR) Concept 2 keyword Concept 3 keyword Methamphetamine And History Problem HIVE Persistence â€Å"Law enforcement† â€Å"Symptoms experienced† What combinations of specific search phrases and pathways have you used to find credible sources? Give full details (a short paragraph for each search) of two specific searches (phrase and database, e. G. , Google Scholar) you used to obtain credible information sources. 1 .The TAUT library search was used with the phrase Methamphetamine and history and problem, I found the Journal article with the information I needed but a DOI was not availa ble and the website address was through a proxy server so I had to extract key words from the title and used Google scholar to find the Journal and article on Taylor and Francis online. . I used TAUT library search with the phrase methamphetamine and â€Å"law enforcement† and â€Å"symptoms experienced† to find the journal article and then was linked to Taylor and Francis online, as TAUT subscribes to that website I was able to access the materials.

Reaction Paper on David Cole interviews with Dr Franciszek Piper Movie Review

Reaction Paper on David Cole interviews with Dr Franciszek Piper - Movie Review Example We should start worrying about how history can get corrupted like anything and how any extreme act of inhumanity can go unaccounted for as time passes by. It is a truth that holocaust is always understood as a Jewish holocaust but on the fringes of that narrative, we also see Russians, Poles, Ukrainians and communists. Why should communists take up the Jewish propaganda is a question worth probing. Providing trivial aspects like the growth of Auschwitz into a commercial tourism spot to suggest that ‘Auschwitz’ is more hype than truth, is not adding to the serious tone of this video but only diminishing it. Also the mocking tone reflects of some kind of a prejudice. For example, when the presence of shops selling video cameras in Auschwitz is mentioned it is mockingly added that the visitors need not fear about missing a shot of the â€Å"final solution† (â€Å"David Cole Interviews With Dr. Franciszek Piper†). The contradiction in the statement of two ladie s about the holes on the roof of the gas chamber, is there but the second lady is not asked to explain her statement- that is, why the holes were made if they were not original. Also, I wonder whether the deaths (of all those people who have been killed by gassing in Auschwitz) have ever been properly documented or not. This information is lacking in this video. Did the relatives and friends of each ‘victim’ not try to locate the person, and the cause of death? Even the revised figure of the number of deaths in Auschwitz given by Dr. Franciszek Piper is 1.1 million, which is not a small figure. In any instance of mass death, there happens often a controversy about the death toll. And the version of Dr. Franciszek Piper also need not be the authentic version. The truth can be somewhere between these figures but that does not make irrelevant the question, how did people in such great numbers perish. Dr. Piper is readily

Fingerhut Pricing Strategy Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Fingerhut Pricing Strategy - Essay Example There was even a lawsuit against the company and we can claim that this company needed corrections of its policies in the international business context. Fingerhut's price strategy was the following: no down payment was required. It comprised cash price in addition with shipping and handling prices. Therefore, pricing strategy at Fingerhut Company is considered from different perspectives, but the main intention is to show the relevance of the company’s strategies in the international business market. Pros and cons of Fingerhut Price Strategy Poor customers were the main target for the company and the company provided them with credit as a perfect option. Consequently, Fingerhut Company was blamed for aggressive behavior towards poor clients (i.e. the Company exceeded effective interest rate and was targeting on poor people through misleading advertising campaign). From one perspective, customers were offered an opportunity to obtain goods on credit under conditions of good pr icing strategy. In accordance with Crisp, there was a need to increase an option of freedom of choice for the customers, because advertising does not override the autonomy of the customers. Moreover, the company had to develop persuasive advertising on the basis of objective ideological goals. Crisp also claims that people give a chance for the marketers to be manipulated without their own consciousness. In case clients are manipulated, there is a diminution of autonomy (Donaldson and Wehane 2007, p. 507). Therefore, we may claim that Fingerhut’s pricing strategy restricted autonomous desires and consumers choices. Prahald underlines the main concern of the companies on poor nations and poor people. Prahald presented the economic pyramid, where it is determined that there are 4 billion of people from the poorest nations and the largest markets are operating with regards to poor nations (Donaldson and Wehane 2007, p. 575). Thus, marketers take into account the option of the po or nations to buy more and to have access to traditional markets and goods. Moreover, poor people are pleased with an increased attention from marketing directed on their needs and they consider the options, which were previously available for rich people. The main concern for the firms is to build trust between the firms and BOP consumers. Poor people are very brand conscious and very value conscious as well. Conclusion Brenkert underlines a necessity for guarded trust for Fingerhut's company and he defines that the Company lacked considerations about differences in values and motives in the market (Donaldson and Wehane 2007, p. 116). With regards to international business ethics, the main attention of the firms should be focused on commonality of values and motives, consistency of behavior, openness, reputation of the company etc. Therefore, the claim by Prahald and his attention focused on the inconsistencies of the firm’s concerns about the needs of poor people is correla ted with Brenkert claim focused on the necessity for consistent international policies in terms of international business ethics. In case Prahald’s claim is chosen as the leading one for further discussions about firms pricing strategy development, then under conditions of international business, marketers should take into account consistent and various needs of poor nations. Moreover, these nations should not be perceived as nations, which are unable to pay for their needs and to buy the goods they want. Unlike Crisp, who underlined that autonomy of poor people is restricted and their conscious is limited by the marketers, the vision of Prahald is more integrative. Case study about rain forest in Guyana Rain Forest Introduction

Political Science Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 3

Political Science - Essay Example When Barak Obama was elected the President of the United States it reflected the need for change. It showed how desperately the people of America wanted to change the political situation in the world and within the country. I too was very optimistic when Barak Obama was elected the new President of the country because he expressed his desire to bring a change. It was clear from his speeches that Obama was keen to solve the economic, ethnic, and war issues that the country is facing through peace talks. Soon after the election, President Obama ordered the closure of Guantanamo Bay prison (BBC News), which I personally appreciated as the prison was a clear violation of human rights. But soon after the President took the office it became clear that not much has really changed. The economy of the country is getting worse every day. In March 2009, the national debt of United States was 11 trillion dollars, which was the highest recorded in the history of the country (Knoller). Currently, the debt of the country is increasing which is having a severe attack on the economy. Moreover, Obama’s policies on terrorism are quite similar to the policies of Bush administration. Even though some promising speeches were made by the President before the elections, no implementation is seen. The President has been in the office for almost two years now and still no significant improvement can be seen in any sector. The country is still spending billions of dollars annually on the Israel which is a clear violation of human Rights, no end can be seen to the war in Iraq, no significant measures are being taken to improve the political situation of the world, and the economy of United States seem to be getting worse. I have not seen any notable â€Å"change† in the politics of the country or any improvement in any area. Even though I was initially optimistic about the World Politics in the beginning, I cannot help but be a little sceptical after two years. However, when

Emily Dickinson Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Emily Dickinson - Essay Example The emphasis is on spontaneity, and the original. (Harvey, 1997). Emily Dickinson (1830 – 1886), is one of most prolific and successful poets of the American Romantic Movement. Her work challenges the existing norms of that period, rejects convention, and establishes a new genre. The unique â€Å"order, unusual punctuation and spelling choices† of her poems reflect the new spirit of Romanticism (Poetry Foundation, 2012). The poetry of Emily Dickinson may be taken to be the epitome of American Romantic literature, with its focus on nature, individualism, and the exploration of faith. Dickinson’s nature poems make up a large part of her work. They deal with almost all aspects of nature: birds, animals, bees, flowers, grass, rain, forests, hills, the seasons, sunrise and sunset. Her poems throb with her love for Nature. It is evident that she finds great joy in her closeness with the natural world. The depth of her observation is incredible. The least minutiae of li fe is seen and explored by Dickinson and linked with her personal emotions. She simply thrills in nature’s beauty. At other times, she makes a connection between nature and human life. In her poem, â€Å"It Sifts From Leaden Sieves,† (Poets.org. 311), Dickinson is content to describe Nature’s beauty. She makes effective use of metaphor: the â€Å"leaden sieves† refer to overcast skies. ... The poet goes on to express her desire to be a part of nature, by offering the bird a crumb. But the bird is frightened of her advance, and flies away. Here, Dickinson shows that man cannot be a part of nature, unlike the bird, which unites with nature. The poet’s evident love for nature is one of the hallmarks of American Romantic literature. Another feature which marks Dickinson as a Romantic is her unbending individualism. Contrary to the social expectations regarding women of that period, Dickinson disliked housework and the â€Å"daily rounds of receiving and paying visits† (Poetry Foundation, 2012). In line with this pronounced individualism, Dickinson withdrew from public life. This is seen in the fact that, â€Å"By the 1860s, Dickinson lived in almost total physical isolation from the outside world† (Poets org. 2012). Her poems were largely a part of her private correspondence with friends, and were published only after her death. Most of her poems demon strate her own personal emotions. She sees the world around her through a personal lens. Dickinson’s poem, â€Å"I’m Nobody! Who Are You?† (Poets org. 260), demonstrates her alienation from society. She criticizes the people who belong to the pretentious public world, and is happy to be apart from them, in her own private identity. Dickinson holds the Romantic opinon, contrary to common thinking, that man’s closeness to nature is hindered by the effects of civilization. This is seen in her poem, â€Å"I Like to See it Lap the Miles,† (Poets org. 43), where she compares the train to a horse. She is critical of the industrial invasion of the natural world by the railroad. Dickinson’s subjective perception of the world is very much a feature of Romantic literature.

COMMUNITY RESILIENCE FOR DIAMOND HEAD SCENIC BYWAYS PROJECT Research Paper - 1

COMMUNITY RESILIENCE FOR DIAMOND HEAD SCENIC BYWAYS PROJECT - Research Paper Example However one would be interested in understanding community resilience through evaluating ‘Diamond head scenic byways project’ and this forms the theme of this paper. The scenic byway project under analysis is the Hawaii global image/symbol, which comprise of a historic shore line, crater parks, cultural scenes as well as historic roads which in broad defines and explains the cultural heritage of the communities of Hawaii. This icon has stood relevant over generations ever since Hawaiian Monarchy with much of relevance today is being accorded to the icon on its use. Besides, being used for recreational purposes, people converge at the icon for learning experiences. The intrinsic features of the ‘Diamond Head byways’ are together with historical, cultural, archaeological as well as historical. However, it is worth noting that the responsibility of preserving the icon rests with national government, the state designations and the public under charitable land trusts. How exactly could the communities living in Hawaii be seen on matters of resilience in association with the iconic feature of ‘Diamond head byways’? From the historical perspective of the communities, it is shown that the volcano served as a watchtower from where any approaching fleet of canoes would be spotted early enough and evaluated on whether it meant peace of otherwise through runners. In the event of a danger, message would be sent across the island and as such appropriate measures on security would be taken. This would therefore explain the strategic preparedness that the Hawaiian people stayed concerning external attacks especially by sea. The other feature illustrating the resilience of the people living within the area in ancient times was through use of fires at the peak to direct canoes in the sea without which the fishermen using such

Journalism In China Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Journalism In China - Essay Example For instance, according to the guardian newspaper, a journalist Zhang Ping also known as Chang Ping forced himself out of the journalist profession due to tight restrictions posed by the Chinese government. He got punished repetitively for tackling sensitive issues touching the government in the Southern Metropolis newspaper. This raises many questions on the safety and freedom of journalists in China. The paper, therefore, attempts to analyze various underlying issues behind the freedom and safety of media journalists. The world association of newspapers called on the Chinese government, to honor the promises on reforms and allows freedom of the press. This is due to the continued increase of security issues of journalists who cover insightful issues. Journalists play an extremely imperative role in the media industry, and any attempt to hamper their operations, limit exploitation of their potential. China for instance is one of the leading countries in imprisonment of journalist. T his has attracted the world’s attention considering the Olympic bid of the country (World association of newspapers, 2012) The organization committee of the Olympic activities gave the country ultimatums on the issue of press freedom. In as much as the government promised to make amendments the following was arrest and detainment of 30 journalists and 50 cyber reporters (Tong, 2011). This is a move, which questions freedom of journalists. Consequently, the Chinese government restricts coverage of dominant international events. This got evidenced by the murder trial of Gu Kailai and wife of Bo Xilai, where restrictions got made, and authorities were there to ensure no press got involved (World association of newspapers, 2012). In as much as the government makes tough restrictions on journalists, internet has become its principal challenge as people and journalists are opting to the media device as a means of spreading information. Media safety has also raised concern due to th e death of a journalist Mika Yamamoto. This is one of the prominent journalists in china who got known for giving update information on various issues. However, his death got attracted by covering poignant clashes in the Huangdo region. In February 28, 2012, the United States ambassador to china met with various American journalists based in china where many issues got raised concerning the freedom of china press (Tong, 2011). An attempt to organize demonstrations, with the aim of reaching the information to the Chinese government was not met with a king heart after the police harassed and seized journalist equipment. The intimations according to ambassador Huntsman was one of the inhuman acts of the Chinese government. Further, he called on the Chinese government, to arrest and detains those responsible for the actions; however, this got countered by intermittent government claims (World association of newspapers, 2012). The Chinese media freedom has faced various human rights and fueled attacks preventing journalists from covering accurate and fair information. Open and free, democratic media culture are a campaign, which seeks to bring back and sustain media freedom. This is a campaign, which strengthens conditions of professional and independent journalists (Branigan, 2011). In addition, it creates a monitoring network together with IFJ affiliates by reporting actions against

Sara Lee Case Study Essay Example for Free

Sara Lee Case Study Essay Sara Lee managements should continue focusing on the food -based industries and trying to link those industries as much as possible. One of their main strengths is brand recognition. People can expect to get premium quality products when they purchase anything from the Sara Lee product line. Sara Lee is struggling in the bakery industries, both North American and International with the exception of fresh breads, a narrowing of product lines may help make this brand more profitable. They are doing a great job in the International Beverage market, with the number one selling item being coffee. The global retail coffee market was expected to grow from $51 billion in 2009 to $62 billion in 2013. With this being said this market is a cash cow and Sara Lee management should focus on Coffee and tea in the International Beverage business and they can also create new products to expand the product line. Since they are already the number one seller in single-serving coffeemakers, a good idea would be for them to make single-serve pods that are compatible with any single-serve coffeemaker. With a current market share of 40 percent, this will only help increase their overall market share. Since Sara Lee is divesting many of their of their product lines and expect to contain growth in operating expenses through reducing inventory, focusing on promising markets and emphasis on efficiency, they will have more money to use in other places like advertisement. They should do more with putting their name out there. Creating a marketing campaign to bring back name recognition that has been overshadowed by competitors will help product sales. They can bring back their slogan â€Å"Nobody does it like Sara Lee.† Focusing on profitable products and expanding product line will help the Company have significant gains in shareholder value and improve the company’s performance.

Visual Pleasure And Narrative Cinema Analysis Film Studies Essay

Visual Pleasure And Narrative Cinema Analysis Film Studies Essay In this paper we are going to discuss the position of Laura Malvey in her work Visual Pleasure and Narrative Cinema. We will also discuss how Mulveys thesis may be convincing in one instance but tested to its limitations in another using two examples. The psychoanalytic interpretation of the position of women viewers gets back to the famous essay by Laura Mulvey Visual Pleasure and Narrative Cinema, the original thesis of which was that the film form is structured by the unconscious of the patriarchal society and that woman as a spectator is always imposed the rules of a foreign game getting of the male type of pleasure for example, inherently scopophilic pleasure from the examination of the female body. But the issue in this work is not only and not so much about the pleasure itself, but about more serious things how the vision is the instance of identification formation of the subject through the visual practices and how the power is incorporated into the play that is, the question is raised in the work about the ideological effects of the basic cinematic apparatus. Mulvey argued that ideology is involved in forming the subjectivity of the individual at the level of the unconscious and that is how a female spectator, through borrowing the male gaze, takes the ideology of a patriarchal society, which is imposed. Laura Mulvey in Visual Pleasure and Narrative Cinema explains how the traditional Hollywood film claims the scopophilic view: In a world ordered by sexual imbalance, pleasure in looking has been split between active/male and passive/female. The determining male gaze projects its phantasy on to the female form which is styled accordingly. In their traditional exhibitionist role women are simultaneously looked at and displayed, with their appearance coded for strong visual and erotic impact so that they can be said to connote to-be-looked-at-ness. (Malvey, 1975). The woman, demonstrated as a sexual object, acts as a leitmotif of erotic spectacle. The formulated problem in this context may be solved through a strong deconstruction of the vision machine, which constitutes a woman as an image, and a man as an owner of the sight. Mulvey proposes to destroy the voayeristic-scopophilic opinion, consistently destroying cinematic codes that postulate such view. Will this be the solution of the problem? Mulveys emphasis on the analysis of the specific of the cinematographic system, with all its radical and provocative judgements, seems to be legitimate. The real is the question of the discursive mediation properties. However, in general, the psychoanalytic criticism of visual representations may also have a profound methodologic effect. In our work we have to give two examples from visual culture and discuss how Mulveys thesis may be convincing in one instance but tested to its limitations in another. For this discussion I propose to take two films: Rare Window by Alfred Hitchcock and Kill Bill by Quentin Jerome Tarantino. The film Rare Window by Alfred Hitchcock is convicing the thesis of Laura Malvey that Man is the bearer of the look while Woman connotes to-be-looked-at-ness. The main character of this film is put in such conditions that he has to be scopophilic. A photographer Jeffries has broken his leg and now he has to watch everything going on outside through the window. The film reveals to us one of the main needs of men peep through the keyhole, figuratively speaking. It is really impossible to keep away from such a forbidden fruit. And the blame of everything is curiosity, namely it moves the main mechanisms in a man, allowing to forget about other equally important needs (food, rest, sex) and exciting the imagination at a time. In this film everything is concentrated around the man, Jeffries, women are just a background here. In this film we can see many scenes convincing Malveys thesis. Jeff Jeffries (Stewart), a photographer who works in magazine and has broken his leg, is forced to miss in the four walls and have fun just because of peeping into the daily life of the yard, and neighbors with binoculars. Having noticed the suspicious behavior of one of them, he comes to the firm belief that the latter has murdered his wife. Being motionless himself, Jeff enlists the aid of Lisa (Kelly), a quiet blonde working model in the fashion house here she is particularly beautiful. The girl is desperately in love with him and therefore agrees to perform for him a dangerous work down. Of all the works by Hitchcock this is an exercise in scopophilia in which the viewer is nothing left to do but to take part in the process. Its like to stay Hitchcock himself within 112 minutes. Look out the window and see what you should not see says Jeff to the nurse (Ritter), and the viewer looks through the window and sees what the main character sees. A men chained to the chair, staring out the window is one part of the film. The second part shows what he sees, and the third one how he reacts to what he sees. This is the purest expression of the idea of narrative cinema. Another confirmation of Malveys thesis is how Jeffries renews his erotic interest for girlfriend when she enters the other apartment and Jeffries sees her at distance. This is the power from a voyeurism point of view because Jeffries is controlling the visual the spatial and the temporal. In addition the camera movements are dictated by the male hero, Jeffries. Now let us discuss another film, in which Malveys thesis that Man is the bearer of the look while Woman connotes to-be-looked-at-ness in classical Hollywood cinema is tested to its limitations. As an example I would like to take the film Kill Bill by Quentin Tarantino. In this film we see a strong girl who denies Malveys view of women in the Holywood cinema. Having been four years in coma the girl-victim wakes up in the hospital in shock and with the atrophy of muscles, but in a few minutes after waking up she commits a double murder and steals the car of one of her victims. Further, in the course of the movie she can not stop, especially since the recalls, who is responsible for the fact that she has lost her baby, her husband and all the guests at the wedding, where her beating took place. The female character Uma Thurman (the bride) wears little makeup or did her hair in a manner to arouse the male audience through her physical looks. Additonally she hardly smiles on the camera drawing a distinction to the female characters in classical Hollywood cinema. The episode when the bride in cold blood composes a list of five names of her future victims, the main and the latest of which is Bill also deserves a special attantion. Here we see not a classical woman who appears as an erotic object, but a strong, manlike heroine. Further, in the course of the first part the violence over the first two names in the list of death follows. Even in the eyes of the main heroine, the bride, we see a burning, glowing white-hatred and this is the limitation of Malveys thesis that that Man is the bearer of the look while Woman connotes to-be-looked-at-ness in classical Hollywood cinema. The monologues of the character are also uncommon for a classical woman: Look lifeless, right? Well, I am not dead, the fortune smiled at me, thats what I can tell you. It so happened that the last Bills bullet drove me into a coma. In coma I was destined to lie for five years. Then I woke up And immediately I ran, as it is taught by one advertisement, fret and fume. I fumed and raged, and craved, and found blood. In total, until today, I killed 33 people. Only one remained. So, as we can see, the bride is a strong, manlike female character, unusual for the Hollywood cinema. To make a conclusion it should be said that in our work we have discussed the position of Laura Malvey in her work Visual Pleasure and Narrative Cinema. We have also discussed how Mulveys thesis may be convincing in one instance but tested to its limitations in another using two examples. For discussion we took two films: Rare Window by Alfred Hitchcock and Kill Bill by Quentin Jerome Tarantino.

Impact of Poverty on Personality Development

Impact of Poverty on Personality Development Does Poverty affect personality development from early childhood into adolescence? Eric Fromm said that Mans main task in life is to give birth to himself, to become what he potentially is. The most important product of his effort is his own personality (Fromm, 1947, p.237).Fromm believes that an individuals purpose in life to is to come fully into themselves so that they may be able to exceed their own expectations. Fully coming into oneself comes from growing into ones personality. Personality is the combination of behaviors, emotions and thought patterns that define an individual or make up their character. Over the course of our lives we go through many changes. Changes that makes us stand taller or our voices grow deeper. Changes that happen on the inside and on the outside. Throughout the course of our lives our behaviors change and develop into habits that shape our very personalities that can lead us into success or prove to be a seemingly permanent obstacle on the path to success. These behaviors either change for the good or bad carry over into our older years as our personalities change. Our personalities dictate who we connect with and get along with, they are central to the way we go through and experience through the world in many different experiences. There is no singular personality that ensures success for anyone but what if the environment influences or fosters a certain type of personality? Can someone truly be a product of their upbringing and environment? In this case, we will be viewing poverty as a type of environment in which individuals live and grow within. Poverty is a long-standing injustice and social issue that restricts specific resources and opportunities for those who are affected by it (Utsey Constantine, 2008). Across many studies there are many varying definitions of poverty. But how does poverty exactly affect personality development? Specifically the personality development from childhood into adolescence. The definition of poverty in this paper will be defined as condition or way of life where peoples basic needs arent being met. Those needs being food and shelter. Poverty is operationally defined across many studies and experiments and sometimes grouped differently. Each study looks at a specific factor that comes directly into play with poverty. Establishing differences in the level of poverty is important in terms of noting how much exposure the developing individual has had to poverty or a lack general lack of resources because in some cases the longer the exposure the more of an effect it has on someone. An example would be impoverished neighborhoods split into three groups where high poverty rates being between 30-40%, moderate poverty with the rates between 20-30% and low poverty rates being 20% (Leventhal Brooks 2011). In some cases, there can be brief periods of poverty because sometimes individuals manage to get out of an impoverished area. There is sometimes a period where there is a flux between persistently being impoverished and being recently impoverished (Leventhal Brooks 2011). Experience of poverty can be into terms such as persistent poverty and transitional or intermittent poverty (Ackerman, Brown Izard 2004). Persistent poverty is related to lower quality home environment that lasts or persists that later is connected to problem behaviors. Neighborhood poverty is defined as neighborhood hardship that is caused by a lack of economic, social and familial resources (Harden, Copeland-Linder Nation 2011). Two different definitions of poverty are identified: the first says that poverty and the behaviors of the poor are explained by their occupation, socioeconomic status and their level of income. The second explains poverty by talking features of persons personality that can connect with a culture of poverty in society from (Sailing Harvey 1981). So, if there is a culture of poverty and disadvantage what does that mean for the youth or the future? Will the cycle be continued or can they possibly find a way to get out of it? There have been studies conducted on how youth and adolescents in poorer areas are academically affected by being surrounded or growing up in poverty (Anderson, Leventhal Dupà ©rà © 2014) and about how neighborhood affluence and poverty can affect achievement and behavior. They wanted to find out how poverty affects academics and behavior. Does poverty affect academics and behavior in negative or positive ways? Does their behavior indicate a risk factor in their personality? When it comes down to these children that go from early childhood into adolescence who have bad relations with the law and substandard test scores tend to have higher externalized behaviors that get them into trouble. Is this truly their faults? Are their potentials met or are they held back by the environment that they are surrounded by? Poverty is something that holds back many promising individuals that have potential to do so many amazing things. This is an important topic because the thing that many people fail to realize is that individuals from these impoverished areas that are considered high risk are only that because of what they are surrounded by. It is an important topic to speak on and to bring up because it brings attention to a marginalized group of people that are mostly overlooked and not heard about. Well-being is challenged and constantly put under duress due to the pressures and anxieties of being impoverished. So, how does poverty affect personality development from childhood into adolescence? What Poverty effects The claim that I am making is that poverty first and foremost affects opportunities within the communities that it is prevalent and present in. Opportunities can be defined as chances or a set of circumstances that makes it possible to do something. Opportunity comes with levels of educational attainment, employment and quality of resources. Levels of attainment can increase levels of affluence in the area. Resources could be food, water, shelter, clothes or several things that can contribute to the standard of living being higher. They are chances for an individual to exceed their own expectations and attain a goal that they previously hadnt thought they could attain. Depending on the area in which an individual is surrounded by opportunity can either be given or not be not given. The level of affluence in a neighborhood implies an accessibility to certain resources that can improve the quality of life and can make life easier for families and children in that area. Affluence within neighborhoods can be broken down into adults or parents within a neighborhood that have B.A. degrees and those who were currently employed in managerial or professional occupations (Anderson, Leventhal Dupà ©rà © 2014). Access to quality resources is maintained through a consistent salary so when they run low they are able to replenish them with no problem. They are also able to maintain the possessions that they already have. Within maintaining the possessions and a certain quality of life along with experiencing the stability that can come with affluence a sense of self-worth is fostered. Self-worth can be fostered through competency in daily tasks or within the academia. For those who happen to not be in a stable and plentiful environment academic achievement can be seen as the opportunity that can grant some a beginning foundation or a means to aspire to move away or out of poverty. One of the main things that can certainly help alleviate the instability of poverty is educational attainment that can lead to so many opportunities for gainful employment. Affluence and poverty correlated with participants outcomes achievement in regards to Math and Reading scores affluence of the neighborhood corre lated with higher achievement (Anderson, Leventhal Dupà ©rà ©, 2014). Although in some cases there can be periods of poverty because sometimes some individuals manage to get out of an impoverished area (Damian et al., 2014).. Over time family needs increased so family wealth increased. But, neighborhood poverty indicators declined from early childhood to middle childhood and early adolescence. If participants in this study moved from an impoverished area into a better one, they tended to move during early or middle childhood, not so much during adolescence (Anderson and Leventhal Dupà ©rà ©, 2014). Affluence and poverty in this study correlated with participants outcomes achievement and with behavioral problems. In regards to Math and Reading scores affluence of the neighborhood correlated with higher achievement and the internalizing/externalizing behavior hypothesized models had no support as well. Children who live in disadvantaged neighborhoods are more likely than those in affluent ones to undergo a negative personality change which can create a stigma (Hart, Atkins Matsuba, 2008). There is sometimes a period where there is a flux between persistently being impoverished and being recently impoverished. So, there are different kinds of poverty levels in this study, one that is consistent and persistent while the other is transitional because sometimes people can get out of poverty (Eamon, 2000). Lower-quality environments, strained relations between the family or mother, and low stimulation quickly impact recent povertys effect on internalizing behaviors. Lower quality environments refer to the state of the home itself, so if it is clean, safe and uncluttered the environment is of higher quality. Strained relations mean the ways that the parent interacts with their child or other family members after recently becoming impoverished. Stimulation comes in with social interactions with people outside of the family. Recent poverty means that the family had not previously been in poverty but due to a circumstance they have fallen into poverty. So, it is the Persistent poverty that seems to have in regards to have the longest lasting impact behavior in developing children (Eamon, 2000). I think that children are aware of when there is a lack of something or when they dont have access to some of the things that they want or some of the things that they see other people with. They are quick to acknowledge the lack of what they want and even more quick when asking for the object or thing that they want. Sometimes the line between what one needs to have and what one wants to have is very blurred especially when the things that are essentially needed care out of reach. Individuals from disadvantaged or impoverished areas experience unpredictable childhoods tend to feel as if they themselves have no actual control. Poverty happens for a varying amount of reasons that most of the time boil down to not being the individuals fault or out of the individuals control. For example, a family or an individual could fall below the poverty line because of job loss, loss of finances, unemployment and income level that changes their socioeconomic status. Poverty affects Behavior Poverty affects behavior in negative or positive ways. Poverty creates a complex and demanding environment that are mostly not conducive to development. Individuals are put under a lot of stress, duress and pressure when growing up in an impoverished environment. Behavior is how an individual acts towards others. Within this limited and high stress environment many frustrations arise. Being in poverty or living in poverty can make a person feel hopeless and out of control (Mittal Griskevicius, 2014). When people feel a lack of control they try to find other things that they can exercise effective control over. In trying to exert control or find control in smaller situations they can become reckless and risky in their judgement. To adapt to this environment of poverty certain behaviors are expressed and these behaviors form into habits. Habits that arent always good are formed to find ways to get by or adapt with the environment. Some of the harmful ways frustrations by being in an i mpoverished environment can manifest themselves is through maladaptive and unsavory behaviors; for example yelling or fighting or refusal to comply with requests (Castellanos-Ryan et al.,2013). For example, aggressive behaviors like physical damage that can cause hurt or harm to an individual themselves or someone else. These horrible and sometimes aggressive or violent tendencies that are seen or portrayed dont necessarily mean that that is what the adolescent or individual truly is or how they truly are. Maybe the reason the individuals are acting in such a way is that they themselves do not know how to process their own emotions or feelings. So, instead of trying they resort to lashing out either at themselves or others. Does behavior indicate a specific personality or personality traits? Some negative ways that behaviors can be expressed are known as internalizing and externalizing behaviors. Across the studies that use the terms externalizing and internalizing the definitions are quite similar. Externalizing behaviors as problem behaviors that are expressed externally (Castellanos-Ryan et al.,2013). Aggressive behaviors like yelling, screaming or fighting can be seen as externalizing behaviors.Internalizing behaviors as negative behaviors that are expressed inwardly (Leventhal, Brooks Gunn , 2011). So, these behaviors are inflicted upon the self. Anxiety and depression are two forms of the behavior that are frequently experienced. Stress can cause a number of emotional and behavioral problems. Poor children were rated and found to have more externalizing problems in comparison to those who werent poor. Tying back into the availability of specific resources for the need and the enjoyment of the individual. If there are not enough financial resources to help support the lives of the individual some strain and stressors may arise. These strains can be felt in different ways and some of them may even be acted out in harmful or destructive ways that add more tensions and frustration into the very situation itself. There is also a correlation between family income and behavior issues, it was discovered that family income was related to externalizing problems. Children had fewer problems when their familys income was higher than children whose familys income was low. The children that had been severely impoverished had more outward problems as opposed to those children who never had experienced of were even in poverty themselves (Dearing, McCartney and Taylor, 2006). The longer the exposure to poverty the more likely children are to experience sadness, anxiety, and dependency or other forms of problems. The behavior, the externalizing and internalizing problems begin in childhood when exposed to poverty and then carry on into adolescence when poverty is persistent and consistent through development which lead to other areas like academic achievement and opportunity along with personality disorders or anger issues (Ackerman, Brown Izard, 2004). The longitudinal study looked at the connection between the amount of family income and the rate of poverty over a 6 year period through the use of assessments or questionnaires given out to the children and to their parents or caregivers and went from when the child was in preschool to 5 years of age. They found that as the years went by the children were very likely to experience sadness, anxiety and dependency (Ackerman, Brown Izard, 2004). When breaking up neighborhoods their levels of poverty the main thing to remember is that there is a relationship between the level of poverty itself and the prevalence of specific behaviors. My claim is that levels in poverty itself also play a role in the mediating or eliciting specific behaviors. So in a high poverty neighborhood the presence of decreasing poverty would help alleviate problem behaviors meanwhile in a moderate poverty neighborhood the presence of increasing poverty would be the source of youth problem behaviors (Leventhal, Brooks Gunn, J., 2011). There seems to be a trend in the behavioral development of boys, young children and toddlers when in poverty or in an at-risk area that they tend to have more externalizing behavior issues (Holtz, Fox Meurer, 2014). Low-income families are at higher risk for family and social stressors, for example job loss, poor quality child care, inadequate supervision, unaddressed medical issues, maternal mental health issues, and unsafe neighborhoods, which in turn, negatively impact parenting practices that have been found to be related to the development and exacerbation of behavior problems in children (Holtz, Fox Meurer, 2014). An extension on the aforementioned definition of externalizing behaviors can be called challenging behaviors. These challenging behaviors can include throwing temper tantrums, destroying property, refusing to listen, noncompliance and elevated levels of aggression (Holtz, Fox Meurer, 2014). This study implemented the use of Early Childhood behavior screenings to be able to track the exact time or time frame of when the problem behaviors arose in the toddlers that were being used as subjects. The Early Childhood Behavior Screen is a 20 item questionnaire that was made for the toddlers and preschool kids. The questions within the questionnaire were made to measure the positive behaviors and challenging behaviors. The ECBS were measured by the frequency or the prevalence of challenging behaviors then the complete score was between 10 and 30. There were gender differences found for the challenging behaviors items, for example on items like throws things at others and kicks othersthe boys had higher percentages respectively with the first item mentioned being at 60% for boys and 43% for girls and for the second 25% for girls and 40% for boys (Holtz, Fox Meurer, 2014). My claim is that not only behavior but other facets that can be acted upon or increased due long exposure to poverty are poor impulse control, bad decision making including risky behaviors. Risky behaviors can be having unprotected sex, having multiple partners or doing drugs. Bad decision making can be tied to criminal or delinquent behaviors like theft or robbery (Griskevicius et al, 2013). Long time exposure to harshness and unpredictability were the markers that were used in Griskevicius et al. (2013) to track the rise of risky behaviors from before birth and well into adolescence. Unpredictability was operationally defined through the changes in mothers employment status, residence and living arrangements; harshness was assessed by socioeconomic status (Griskevicius et al., 2013). Changes in employment status means a change to salary and could lead to poverty. In the study they measured five different outcomes over the span the ages between 6 and 16 then age 23; the first two co mponents deal with sexual history and the other three deal with deviant behaviors and they were aggression, delinquency and ties to criminal activity (Griskevicius et al., 2013). Results showed that the male participants had many more sexual partners and participated in more delinquent behaviors than that of the female participants. It was also found that unpredictability in the early stages of childhood correlated with the amount of sexual partners later on in life, levels of aggression and criminal behaviors (Griskevicius et al., 2013). So instability throughout early years of childhood are indicators of a possible risky personality forming later on in life which was measured when the participants answered questionnaires when they turned 23. Instability and unpredictability can also be a good indicator for aggression and delinquent behaviors that can continue well on into adulthood and have a major effect on the many things that can potentially happen in someones life. So what can actually be done to help alleviate the problem of the instability, unpredictability and harshness of poverty so that children dont grow up and become products of their own environ ments? The outlook after this looks a bit bleak and not so hopeful. Although it does seem hopeless in many ways and that only negative things come from growing up impoverished like externalizing and internalizing behaviors, lack of availability to resources and a higher chance of being unstable and not having good sense of well-being there are some positive behaviors that can come out of growing up within an impoverished community or area. This is not to say that there should not be any efforts to relieve and help close the gaps that let people fall into poverty and stay there. Coping, adaptability and resilience are all positive behaviors that can come from growing up in adversity. Impoverished children grow up learning how to cope which helps them learn how to better manage and deal with stress and stressors that can arise from the unpredictability of life (Wadsworth Berger, 2006). Within the poverty environment stress plays another role in development. Poverty related stress has been shown to have a strong correlation with the development of anxiety and depression but the way in which an individual responds or reacts to the stresses or stressors is called coping. But there are different kinds of coping that work for each individual separately, everyone has their own strategy that helps them deal with their own kinds and varying amounts of stress; the two types of coping are referred to as primary control coping and secondary control coping (Wadsworth Berger, 2006). So, primary control coping consists of strategies that have more of a direct approach to dealing with ones own feelings and this includes problem solving, emotional expression and emotional regulation while secondary control coping consists of trying to adapt ones self to differing environments, like for example stressful environments or events, and this this includes acceptance, changing ones outlook, distraction and positive thinking (Wadsworth Berger, 2006). Both types of coping can be seen as beneficial in comparison to disengagement coping, which is coping that is unhealthy and includes avoidance, denial and wishful thinking; all of which do not exactly interact with the problem or deal with the emotional side to arising stressors (Wadsworth Berger, 2006). Coping is only really helpful when it is effective towards the type of stress it is up against. It has also been suggested that coping interacts with both internalizing and externalizing behaviors by changing the degree at w hich they affect the person. But is something like coping with poverty based stressors and stresses going to happen when an individual is an environment that doesnt have that many poverty related issues or challenges? Is the effectiveness of coping dependent on the interaction with the poverty linked stressors? During an 8 month period poverty based stressors, responses those stressors and the behaviors that arose in response to those stressors were observed in Wadsworth Berger (2006). The responses were collected by the responses to stress and youth self report questionnaires. The RSQ has 16 factors while the YSR had 112 factors. Their findings indicated that the level of stress elicits a certain stress reactivity to it that is correlated with coping itself. My other claim is that individuals, namely, adolescents who either grew up in unpredictable and impoverished areas to tend to be flexible and can adapt to new situations with more ease since they have had to adapt and be more flexible due to their upbringing (Mittal et al, 2015). As seen before, with different levels of stress and stressors comes different approaches to coping with the arising stress. They believed that the influence of high stressful environments and they went about proving that by doing two experiments. The first one has two deal with inhibitions and shifting. The following experiments served as replications of the first. Inhibition is the deliberate overriding of dominant responses and Shifting can also be called task switching, it involves flexibly changing between different tasks (Mittal et al., 2015). Participants gave information about their backgrounds and then were either sorted into groups that had inhibition tasks or shifting tasks amongst different enviro nments. They found that people who had remembered having unpredictable childhoods did better on the shifting tasks and worse on the inhibition tasks (Mittal et al., 2015). So the very the environment of unpredictability requires an individual to be quite flexible and adaptable. This trait can carry well on into adulthood and serve the individual well in the long run. Poverty and Personality Personality is the combination of characteristics or qualities that form an individuals unique and distinctive character. There are many facets and parts that compile it and they are called traits. Personality is one of the things that keeps growing, evolving and changing throughout the rest of our lives. It takes some time for people to develop their own distinctive personality because it can be influenced by so many outside factors like their environments, parents, friends, family or a plethora of reasons. It takes time for people to truly come into themselves and to come into their own personalities. Individuals go through many stages in their lives. The first formations of personality come from the behaviors that are learned and acted out from the earlier stages of development and then carried on into the later stages. Repeated behaviors can in turn become habits (Salling Harvey, 1981). And habits become harder and harder to break as time goes on. If personality is negatively affected by poverty then that could lead to the of a risky personality and predict negative behaviors that can extend well beyond adolescence and have effects on adulthood behaviors and interaction between people (Hart, Atkins, Matsuba , 2008). As exemplified by the aforementioned studies poverty has a significant role in the increase and prevalence of negative behaviors of both kinds being externalizing and internalizing. Sometimes these behaviors dont arise in opposition to the environment but to cope with the demand and stresses of the environment itself (Wadsworth Berger, 2006). Sometimes the ways in which individuals decide to cope happen to be the wrong ways, instead of trying to work with the problems presented within the challenging and demanding environment, they shut down or completely disengage from the environment or try to detach themselves from the problem (Wadsworth Berger, 2006). Poverty related stressors can take tolls on groups and families with tension rising between them. When there is tension due to poverty related stressors it can cause chaos and issues within the household itself and this can strain the social climate of the home and can be an indicator of childrens ability to recognize and properly process their own negative emotions (Raver, Blair, Garrett-Peters, 2015), It was found that the higher the amount of exposure to conflicts and tension within the home the harder or more difficult it was for children from that home to be able to process and understand negative emotions when faced with them. These negative behaviors become habit and then these habits are carried into adulthood that turn into risky behaviors that can create a risky personality. Conversely, if personality is positively affected by personality it can lead to better overall well-being, mental health and in self-worth and self-esteem (Eamon, M.K, 2000). From the research presented before I claim that some of the positive behaviors that can come from growing up in an unpredictable, unstable and impoverished environment can be successful and healthy coping, adaptability and flexibility in difficult and uncertain situations. So not only do individuals who grow up in poverty cope well, they cope the right way. As mentioned before there are two types of coping that can be seen as the healthy way to cope although coping is different for everyone; primary control coping is the more direct approach to dealing with ones own feelings and secondary control coping is consists of trying to adapt ones self to differing environments (Wadsworth Berger, 2006). Although those are two different ways in which an individual can cope they both give time for the person to actually process what they are feeling and interact with the stressor or the problem in their own ways. I think that through these processes of coping understanding how to handle negative emotions is learned. It is through learning how to handle negative emotions that can arise with stress and strain from stressors that negative behaviors can be diminished. Conclusion Poverty does indeed change and affect personality in many ways even if the individual can move from a place with high levels of poverty. The lack of resources leaves individuals brought up in poverty at a deficit in some areas that carry on into adulthood and it is very unlikely that deficit can be closed. It can increase the prevalence of outwardly aggressive and violent actions which can only lead to negative outcomes for the future. But there are also some positives that come from this restricted lifestyle, like the ability to cope and the ability to be flexible. Although it is difficult to say that poverty can be eradicated so that everyone has the same equal and equitable opportunities it is still a worthy course of action so that everyone can meet their full potential.

One of the Greatest Concerts Ever :: Music Bands Essays

One of the Greatest Concerts Ever It was a cold windy day in late November. The sky was blue, but the air had a chill to it. It was a typical Colorado fall day. My friends and I stood in a circle lightly bouncing trying to keep ourselves warm. It has always been our tradition to get to an arena at least an hour before a concert starts and wait for the doors to open. This day was no different we refused to let the weather break our tradition. We ended up paying for it because our nose and cheeks began to turn rosy red and our fingers and toes were going numb. When the doors to the arena finally opened we all breathed a sigh of relief and rushed inside to warm up. Inside the arena, the excitement of all the fans could be felt. People were talking about how much they liked the bands that would be performing, and many were amazed to be there because it was their first concert. Many other people also seemed to be doing the â€Å"pre-concert ritual† which is seen at many concerts, and that is getting as much beer in them as possible. Everyone seemed to be having a good time preparing for the concert ahead. The arena was separated into two different sections; the reserved seating section which goes all along the arena and then the general admission section which is all along the floor of the arena closest to the stage. My friends and I were on the floor; this is our traditional spot and seems to be where all of the action takes place. This is where people mosh in the mosh pits and fans can try and get as close to the stage as possible. Not only is being on the floor the liveliest and most fun spot to be, it is also the most dangerous. People will begin moshing and run into the rest of the crowd, and many fights will break out because people want to get as close to the stage as possible. Being a smaller girl is a huge disadvantage at a concert like this. It is really easy to get pushed and sometimes it is hard to see over other people because they are taller. My friends and I were as close to the stage as we could get and we were having a great time listening to the band Trust Company.

Career Profile: Advertising Executive Essay -- Careers Jobs Marketing

Career Profile Task The career that I have chosen to profile is that of an Advertising Executive. Advertising professionals combine creativity with sound business sense to market a product based on financial, sociological, and psychological research. To ensure this complicated process works smoothly, advertisers spend a lot of time in the office (a six-day week is not unusual). Most of their time is spent brainstorming, creative blockbusting, and sifting through demographic research; less time is spent meeting with clients or pitching advertising campaigns. Fluidity of daily activity marks the life of the advertising executive who jumps from project to project. It takes a very disciplined person to handle both the creative end and the detail-oriented side. Advertising executives work in teams on projects, so working with others is crucial; those who are successful have the ability to add to other people’s ideas and help them grow. The need to be flexible can not be emphasized enough. As a number of large players in the industry move toward â€Å"computer-based brainstorming,†-a way in which creative ideas are kept in a fluid database without regard to account specificity-computer skills will become more valuable. Like most project-oriented careers, you can expect periods of intense activity during which you have little, if any, free time. At other times, the workload is light and mundane. Education / Training Requirements High-school preparation: Take lots of English courses. Any other writing-intensive courses are good as well. If your high school offers courses that will teach you how to use computer programs or, even better, how to create computer-based graphic art, take them, too. You'll probably be required to take a foreign language in college if you choose to major in Advertising. Plan accordingly. Lastly, and perhaps most importantly, Advertising majors almost universally involve some fairly challenging statistics courses. Consequently, if you ignore math in high school, you'll be in for a rude awakening. Degrees Possibly Required:  ·Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Degree in Internet Marketing  ·Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Degree in Marketing and/or Business Administration  ·Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Journalism and/or editorial experience would be an asset  ·Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  BA/BS  ·Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Other specific degrees in relation to the type of advertising. (Example: Internet Advertising = Degree in Internet Advertising Skills... ...ne to make it better. I tell my family and friends about my ideas, and they love them! If I had an advertising account to complete, and I had a team of skilled designers, and conceptualists, I know that I could do the job pretty darn good. It takes an outgoing, creative, social, skilled person who likes to, and can work with others collaborating thoughts and ideas, to be an advertiser. Through all of my personality tests and self-evaluations, I have come to the conclusion that I am almost perfect for this job. I have an outgoing personality, I am creative, I enjoy working with others, I love creating great humour, and I LOVE designing things. I am also somewhat skilled at selling products and ideas, as well as negotiating (this must be hereditary, as my mother is blessed in this area). Bibliography: (March 2). Monster Job Search Website. [Online]. Available: http://www.monster.ca (March 3). Career Builder. [Online]. Available: http://www.careerbuilder.com (March 3). About.com. [Online]. Available: http://www.about.com (March 4). Google. [Online]. Available: http://www.google.com (March 6). The Princeton Review. [Online]. Available: http://www.princetonreview.com

Community Health Nursing: New Brunswick Essay

A1. Community Description: The city of New Brunswick is located in Middlesex County, New Jersey. New Brunswick is the county seat of Middlesex, located in the sixth Congressional District, and part of New Jersey’s seventeenth state legislative district. The city is centrally located between New York and Philadelphia. It is approximately 40 minutes southwest of New York and 45 minutes northeast of Philadelphia. According to the U.S. Census, the total area of the city is 5.789 square miles; 5.227 square miles of land and 0.562 square miles of water. New Brunswick’s climate is humid and subtropical with considerable rainfall throughout the year. There are warm and humid summers and cold winters. The healthcare industry has played an important role in the city’s economy. New Brunswick has been known as â€Å"The Healthcare City† due to its world-class healthcare system and research facilities. It is home to Saint Peter’s University Hospital, a state-designated child’s hospital and regional perinatal center. It is also home to Robert Wood Johnson University Hospital, one of the nation’s leading academic health centers, and Central New Jersey’s only level I trauma center. The Cancer Institute of New Jersey, also located in the city, is the only cancer center in the state that has been designated by the National Cancer Institute as a comprehensive care center. Located in downtown New Brunswick is the state university of health sciences, UMDNJ-Rutgers University Robert Wood Johnson Medical School. It is ranked among the top 50 primary care medical schools in the U.S. Also home  to the city is The Bristol-Myers Squibb Children’s H ospital and Johnson & Johnson’s corporate headquarters, which is the world’s sixth largest consumer health company. A2. Data: New Brunswick residents have widely divergent backgrounds. According to the 2012 U.S. Census, the total population of New Brunswick was 55,181 with 14,119 households and 7,751 families. Approximately 50% of the population is Hispanic or Latino, which is the 14th highest percentage in New Jersey ((Mascarenhas, 2011). The population is also made up of 45.4% White, 16% Black or African American, 7.6% Asian, 0.9% Native American, 25.6% from other races, and 4.4% from two or more races. The population under age 18 was 21.1%, ages 18-24 was 33.2%, ages 25-44 was 28.4%, ages 45-64 was 12.2%, and age 65 or older was 5.2%. According to the 2010 U.S. Census Bureau, the city’s median household income was $44,543 with a median family income of $44,455. Approximately 25.8% of the population and 15.5% of families were below the poverty line. This includes 25.4% under age 18 and 16.9% age 65 and over. According to the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, 5.2% of the population is unemployed. There was 31.5% of the population without health insurance coverage; 13.7% were under age 18, 43.5% were residents ages 18-64 and employed, and 62.8% were residents 18-64 and unemployed. New Brunswick’s public schools are one of 31 Abbott districts, ensuring that students are receiving education in accordance with New Jersey’s state constitution. Minority enrollment was 99% with Hispanics making up 82% of that. Percentage of economically disadvantage students, based on data reported to the government, was 77%. New Brunswick high school’s academic performance is significantly behind compared to other high schools in the state (NJ Department of Education). According to the NJ Department of Education, in 2012-2013 there were 62 high school dropouts. The 2012 NJ School Performance report revealed substandard academic results in the high school’s proficiency assessments. According to the NJ School Performance report, the dropout rate was 4% and the high school is meeting 0% of its performance target in graduation and postsecondary measures rate. To prepare for disasters, New Jersey has a task force on disaster planning and a guide on emergency preparedness, which was developed by The Middlesex County Public Health Department. These provide information that will help residents prepare for and be ready to respond to emergencies without any warning. The county has planned ahead to help protect the safety and well-being of the community by providing a guidebook and a disaster planning guide. The guidebook provides information on the following: how to develop a family emergency plan, emergency supply kits, pet preparedness, information on shelter, what stations to turn to on the radio and television for notifications, evacuation, emergency preparedness tips, county, state and federal contacts, and other resource contacts and websites for more information. New Jersey has had a plan to reduce effects of a disaster since 1984 which has been re-written in 2011-2012 to form relationships between emergency management agencies and the federal government. The NJ Office of Emergency Management and the Federal Emergency Management Agency offers resources and programs to help communities with disaster aftermath. A4. Interpretation: New Brunswick is known as â€Å"The Health Care City† and home to world-class healthcare system and facilities. The city, however, has shown evidence in the past of health problems that contradict these resources. Key issues revolve around access to health care, cultural and language barriers, and problems obtaining specialty care, and unmet needs of those with mental health. Problems that contribute include poverty, unemployment, and lack of access to quality health care. There is a high percentage of low-income residents without health insurance coverage and may not own their own cars. Standard access issues such as lack of insurance and transportation has posed a problem for residents. Much of the public transportation in the area was limited and did not go from where most of the residents live to specialized health care providers and these services were mostly located outside of the city. While diversity can be an asset, it can also bring about challenges such as potential language barriers. Language barriers in the community were identified, and Spanish was an overwhelmingly predominant one. New Brunswick  has a growing Latino community creating significant barriers to accessing health care. Latinos would be reluctant to seek health care if they are not able to communicate their needs effectively. In addition, receiving and understanding instructions related to treatment and medications can cause problems Mental health issues are another major health problem. Changes in relation to immigration and loss of social support are sources related to depression. Depression in women is often related to problems with alcohol abuse in men as well as domestic violence. These problems can further be related to stress from multiple jobs, long work hours, low wages, and the obligations of supporting family in their home country. Depression can also develop in elderly residents who are isolated as well as those who live in senior buildings. A5. Community Diagnosis: Fortunately, there have been ongoing efforts to improve the health and well-being of the city’s residents. Government and non-government representatives participated in contributing to the development of strategies and resources to improve the health of the community. Health task forces have been established to identify priority health needs and concerns. The task force has conducted surveys that revealed information on the health conditions of New Brunswick residents. Through the collaboration and combined efforts of other organizations, many cost-efficient and time-efficient programs have been offered to residents. Access to care is as a result of lack of insurance, availability of services, and cultural and social barriers. Mental health issues have been statistically difficult to assess because it is not always reported. However, the community is committed to improving the health issues identified and have encouraged residents to participate. The health of the community depends on different factors, including individual behaviors, the environment, education, employment, access to healthcare, and quality of healthcare. A3. Genogram Community Diagnosis For the data assessed, New Brunswick, NJ has made steps in addressing health care needs and concerns of the community. There is an abundance of resources available for the residents of the community. Strategic plans have been created by the community to improve the quality of life through better health. This includes improving access to primary as well as specialty care. Providing information in both English and Spanish to promote knowledge and compliance have been established to cater to the growing diverse population. New Brunswick, New Jersey Healthcare in the Community Middlesex County Health Improvement Plan Rutgers Center for State Health Policy Saint Peter’s University Hospital Robert Wood Johnson University Hospital Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson University Medical School Cultural Assessment Predominantly Hispanics or Latinos Language barriers 25.8% population and 15.5% families below poverty line 31.5% population without health insurance coverage Limited access to specialized care Difficulty assessing mental health issues Population Economic Status Located in Middlesex County, NJ Population 55,181 Predominantly Hispanics Median household income $44,54325 25.8% below poverty line 5.2% reported unemployment rate 31.5% without health insurance coverage Disaster Assessment & Planning NJ Task Force on Disaster Planning Middlesex County Public Health Emergency Preparedness Guide Guidebook and disaster planning guide Family emergency plan NJ Office of Emergency Management and Federal Emergency Management resources References Mascarenhas, R. (2011). _Census data shows Hispanics as the largest minority in N.J._. Retrieved from http://www.nj.com/news/index.ssf/2011/02/census_data_shows_hispanics_as.html NJ Department of Education. (n.d.). _Doe data 2012-13 dropouts_. Retrieved from http://www.state.nj.us/cgi-bin/education/data/drp.pl U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics. (n.d.). _Local area unemployment statistics_. Retrieved from http://www.bls.gov/lau/ U.S. Census Bureau, Population Division (2014). _Annual estimates of the resident population: April 1, 2010 to July 1, 2013_ . Retrieved from http://factfinder2.census.gov/faces/tableservices/jsf/pages/productview.xhtml?src=bkmk NJ Department of Labor and Workforce Development. (2011). _NJ labor market views_. Retrieved from http://lwd.dol.state.nj.us/labor/lpa/pub/lmv/LMV_1.pdf

Stages of Group Development

The Forming – Storming – Norming – Performing is a model of group development, first proposed by Bruce Tuckman in 1965, who maintained that these phases are all necessary and inevitable in order for the team to grow, to face up to challenges, to tackle problems, to find solutions, to plan work, and to deliver results. Forming In the first stages of team building, the forming of the team takes place. The individual's behavior is driven by a desire to be accepted by the others, and avoid controversy or conflict. Serious issues and feelings are avoided, and people focus on being busy with routines, such as team organization, who does what, when to meet, etc. But individuals are also gathering information and impressions – about each other, and about the scope of the task and how to approach it. This is a comfortable stage to be in, but the avoidance of conflict and threat means that not much actually gets done. Group members learn about each other and the task at hand. Indicators of this stage might include: Unclear objectives, Uninvolvement, Uncommitted members, Confusion, Low morale, Hidden feelings, Poor listening, etc. The team meets and learns about the opportunities and challenges, and then agrees on goals and begins to tackle the tasks. Team members tend to behave quite independently. They may be motivated but are usually relatively uninformed of the issues and objectives of the team. Team members are usually on their best behavior but very focused on themselves. Mature team members begin to model appropriate behavior even at this early phase. Sharing the knowledge of the concept of â€Å"Teams – Forming, Storming, Norming, Performing† is extremely helpful to the team. Supervisors of the team tend to need to be directive during this phase. The forming stage of any team is important because, in this stage, the members of the team get to know one another, exchange some personal information, and make new friends. This is also a good opportunity to see how each member of the team works as an individual and how they respond to pressure. Storming Every group will then enter the storming stage in which different ideas compete for consideration. The team addresses issues such as what problems they are really supposed to solve, how they will function independently and together and what leadership model they will accept. Team members open up to each other and confront each other's ideas and perspectives. In some cases storming can be resolved quickly. In others, the team never leaves this stage. The maturity of some team members usually determines whether the team will ever move out of this stage. Some team members will focus on minutiae to evade real issues. The storming stage is necessary to the growth of the team. It can be contentious, unpleasant and even painful to members of the team who are averse to conflict. Tolerance of each team member and their differences needs to be emphasized. Without tolerance and patience the team will fail. This phase can become destructive to the team and will lower motivation if allowed to get out of control. As group members continue to work, they will engage each other in arguments about the structure of the group which often are significantly emotional and illustrate a struggle for status in the group. These activities mark the storming phase: Lack of cohesion, Subjectivity, Hidden agendas, Conflicts, Confrontation, Volatility, Resentment, anger, Inconsistency, Failure. Supervisors of the team during this phase may be more accessible but tend to still need to be directive in their guidance of decision-making and professional behavior. The groups will therefore resolve their differences and group members will be able to participate with one another more comfortably and they won't feel that they are being judged in any way and will therefore share their own opinions and views†¦ Norming The team manages to have a one goal and come to a mutual plan for the team at this stage. Some may have to give up their own ideas and agree with others in order to make the team work. In this stage, all the team members takes the responsibility and have the ambition to work for the success of the goals of the team. Group members establish implicit or explicit rules about how they will achieve their goal. They address the types of communication that will or will not help with the task. Indicators include: Questioning performance, Reviewing/clarify objective, Changing/confirming roles, Opening risky issues, Assertiveness, Listening, Testing new ground, Identifying strengths and weaknesses. Performing Some teams will reach the performing stage. These high-performing teams are able to function as a unit as they find ways to get the job done smoothly and effectively without inappropriate conflict or the need for external supervision. Team members have become interdependent. By this time they are motivated and knowledgeable. The team members are now competent, autonomous and able to handle the decision-making process without supervision. Dissent is expected and allowed as long as it is channeled through means acceptable to the team. Supervisors of the team during this phase are almost always participative. The team will make most of the necessary decisions. Even the most high-performing teams will revert to earlier stages in certain circumstances. Many long-standing teams will go through these cycles many times as they react to changing circumstances. For example, a change in leadership may cause the team to revert to storming as the new people challenge the existing norms and dynamics of the team. Groups reach a conclusion and implement the solution to their issue. Indicators include: Creativity, Initiative, Flexibility, Open relationships, Pride, Concern for people, Learning, Confidence, High morale, Success, etc. Adjourning Tuckman later added a fifth phase, adjourning, that involves completing the task and breaking up the team. Others call it the phase for mourning. A team that lasts may transcend to a transforming phase of achievement. Transformational management can produce major changes in performance through synergy and is considered to be more far-reaching than transactional management.

Chinese Starbucks Essay

1. Many of the same environmental factors, such as cultural factors, that operate in the domestic market also exist internationally. Discuss the key cultural factors Starbucks had to consider as it ex-panded into China. Starbucks has found success in the USA because of marketing towards â€Å"20-40 year old men and women who are concerned with social welfare† thus creating the coffee house atmosphere-Heather Karr Employee of Starbucks in Madison, WI. The coffee house in the US includes college students studying, young professionals having casual meetings, â€Å"Soccer Moms† grabbing a cup of Joe after dropping the kids off at school, etc. All-in-all Starbucks is selling not coffee but the idea of a â€Å"coffee break†, a time during the day that one can sit back, relax, and forget about the daily grind. Starbucks had to consider this as part of their main success and research China’s culture to see this same possibility existed for them there. Luckily they found that it did. Due to China’s communistic government implementing a â€Å"One Child Law† the same age demographic surprisingly existed: 20-40 year old men and women who want a place to socialize and take a break from their lives. The Family Planning Law in China was implemented to control the growing population in China, has many exceptions, and began in 1978 (enforced in 1979). Learning about this law in a history class previously, I never considered it in a marketing aspect. These individuals have grown up as single children and may have a sense of entitlement. They are well educated as the US media is always reporting on their countries’ amazing international grade reports. So, this group of â€Å"Little Emperors† are more aware of western culture than generations previous and Starbucks had to of discovered that they could give these people a taste of the western world. Lastly, Starbucks had to consider China’s tea consumption before expanding. While the US likes their coffee, China prefers tea in their social events. How could Starbucks take their signature product of coffee and still be successful? They had to sell the coffee house experience and that’s exactly what they did. 2. Discuss the key political and legal factors Starbucks had to consider in the Chinese marketplace. What are the risks of entering a country with these factors? What changes have occurred in China’s polit- ical and legal structure to the advantage of foreign companies? The standout political/legal factor for Starbucks expanding into China is Communism. Starbucks company originated in a democratic capitalistic country where it became successful. Expanding into China requires a lot of research into not just foreign laws but a very strict and controlling government that frowns on western practices. In 1999 when Starbucks began its expansion they did it with joint ventures meaning they licensed the right for Chinese citizens to sell Starbucks coffee and use their logo. Joint ventures and dictatorship are risky ideas and Starbucks could have easily failed. They made their risk minimal by only receiving royalty fees for the license to use their logo. China became a member of the World Trade Organization in 2001 thus opening the ability for American companies to freely participate in their market. Starbucks took this opportunity buy out is partners and take control over the 60 stores in existence in 2006. From 1999-2006, Starbucks had plenty of time to learn about Chinese culture and educate themselves in Chinese business that allowed them to feel confident about expanding in the future. 3. What demographic factors were important for Starbucks to understand in China? What were the demographics they decided to target? As I stated in my answer to question one, Starbucks had to understand their own target demographic in the successful US market and see if they could replicate that in China. Luckily for them it did. Political factors like the â€Å"One Child Law† gave way to a culture shift among previous generations that allowed for the 20-40 year old demographic to thrive. These citizens are independent, educated, and desire to socialize amongst their peers with no where to feel at home in. Starbucks, by â€Å"tweeking† their menu slightly and adding more dining space than other shops in other countries, adapted to these Chuppy† demands and found success. 4. What was the initial global-market strategy Starbucks employed to enter China? Discuss the advantages and disadvantages to this early strategy. How has their strategy changed since then and why? Initially Starbucks implemented a joint venture strategy. Meaning, they licensed their company for use in China believing that Chinese business individuals could have a better chance at success than they could. They also took that opportunity to learn and educate themselves about Chinese culture and business all the while receiving royalties for the licenses. This was a minimal risk for them as China was not a country that allowed a global market place to exist until its membership in the WTO in 2001. Their membership created an opportunity for Starbucks to take control of its licenses and eventually to expand further into the country.